FINANCIAL ANXIETY AMONG GEN Z: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR BETWEEN FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL SELF-EFFICACY, AND FEAR OF MISSING OUT (FOMO)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20017665Keywords:
Financial Literacy, Financial Self-Efficacy, FOMO, Financial Behavior, Financial AnxietyAbstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy, financial self-efficacy, and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) on financial anxiety among Generation Z, with financial behavior as a mediating variable. This research employs a quantitative approach using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 200 Generation Z respondents in the Jabodetabek area and analyzed using SmartPLS 4 software. The results show that financial literacy and financial self-efficacy have a positive effect on financial behavior, while FOMO has a negative effect. Financial behavior has a negative effect on financial anxiety. Furthermore, financial literacy has a negative effect on financial anxiety, financial self-efficacy does not have a significant effect on financial anxiety, and FOMO has a positive effect on financial anxiety. The findings also indicate that financial behavior mediates the relationship between financial literacy, financial self-efficacy, and FOMO on financial anxiety. This study provides important implications for behavioral finance literature, particularly in understanding financial management behavior among Generation Z.
References
REFERENCE
Abel, J. P., Buff, C. L., & Burr, S. A. (2016). Social Media and the Fear of Missing Out: Scale Development and Assessment. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 14(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v14i1.9554
Achmad, C., Zulfachry, Rahmatya, W., Lady, D. W., Jana, S. N. K., Budi, H., Nita, F. O., Muhammad, I. S., Lucky, N., Judi, S., & Paramita, V. S. (2023). Literasi Keuangan. In D. P. Sari (Ed.), Banking Journalist Academy (Issue June).
Afif, M. Y., & Sulhan, M. (2022). Analysis of Behavioral Finance, Financial Literacy and Their Impact on Financial Distress. REVITALISASI, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.32503/revitalisasi.v11i1.2359
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.
Alfian, I. (2024). Fomo dan Media Sosial: Dampak Perilaku Konsumtif Terhadap Kesehatan Mental dan Keuangan dari Perspektif Islam. PROFJES : Profetik Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, Vol. 03(No. 02).
Alt, D. (2018). Students’ Wellbeing, Fear of Missing out, and Social Media Engagement for Leisure in Higher Education Learning Environments. Current Psychology, 37(1), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9496-1
Alvarado, P. A. L. (2021). Factors Associated With Financial Stressors, Financial Stress, and Financial Behaviors. [Utah State University]. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8333
Amaral, L. B. B., Iramani, R., & Pertiwi, T. D. (2024). Studi Financial Literacy, Financial Self-efficacy, Financial Behavior dosen Universidade da Paz Timor Leste. Journal of Business & Banking, 14(1), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.14414/jbb.v14i1.5024
Amilia, S., Zati, M. R., & Rosalina, D. (2023). Evaluation of Consumer Attitudes: Attributes of Langsa Hutan Lindung Park Tourism Services. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 7(3), 570–579. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v7i3.50247
Amna, L., & Rachmawati, R. (2025). Pengaruh Tren You Only Live Once (YOLO) dan Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Terhadap Kesehatan Keuangan Generasi Muda. 6(5), 2396–2405. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38035/jafm.v6i5.2595
Amruddin, Priyanda, R., Agustina, T. S., Ariantini, N. S., Rusmayani, N. G. A. L., Aslindar, D. A., Ningsih, K. P., Wulandari, S., Putranto, P., Yuniati, I., Untari, I., Mujiani, S., & Wicaksono, D. (2022). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif (F. Sukmawati (ed.); 1st ed.). Pradina Pustaka.
Andarsari, P. R., & Ningtyas, M. N. (2019). The Role of Financial Literacy on Financial Behavior. JABE (JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS EDUCATION), 4(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.26675/jabe.v4i1.8524
Archuleta, K. L., Mielitz, K. S., Jayne, D., & Le, V. (2020). Financial Goal Setting, Financial Anxiety, and Solution-Focused Financial Therapy (SFFT): A Quasi-experimental Outcome Study. Contemporary Family Therapy, 42(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-019-09501-0
Arofah, A. A., & Kurniawati, R. (2021). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan dan Self-Efficacy Terhadap Perilaku Keuangan. Perwira Journal of Economics & Business, 1(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.54199/pjeb.v1i1.11
Artagita, A. A., Widyastuti, U., & Berutu, M. B. (2025). Pengaruh Gaya Hidup, Sikap Keuangan, dan Literasi Keuangan Terhadap Kepuasan Keuangan Generasi Z di Jabodetabek. PENG: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 3(1), 373–391. https://doi.org/10.62710/xhvjqt05
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2024). Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi DKI Jakarta (Jiwa), 2022-2023.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Barnicle, B. J. (2021). Financial Anxiety. Morehouse Publishing.
Brady, S., Miller, J., Balmuth, A., D’Ambrosio, L. A., & Coughlin, J. F. (2021). Factors Contributing to the Financial Self-Efficacy of Student Loan Borrowers. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 32(3), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1891/JFCP-19-00067
Budiman, J., & Marvina, J. (2021). Analisa Pengaruh Financial Attitude, Financial Behavior, Financial Knowledge, Financial Anxiety dan Self-Efficacy terhadap Financial Literacy di Kota Batam. ComBInES-Conference on Management, Usiness, Innovation, Education and Social Science, 1(1), 2099–2109.
Chen, B. H., Wang, C.-H., & Chen, M.-H. (2022). A Study of the Financial Behavior Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 14(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v14n2p1
Chen, H., & Volpe, R. P. (1998). An Analysis of Personal Financial Literacy Among College Students. Financial Services Review, 7(2), 107–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1057-0810(99)80006-7
Choi, S. L., Heo, W., Cho, S. H., & Lee, P. (2020). The Links Between Job Insecurity, Financial Well‐Being and Financial Stress: A Moderated Mediation Model. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 44(4), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12571
Chowdhry, N., & Dholakia, U. M. (2020). Know Thyself Financially: How Financial Self‐Awareness Can Benefit Consumers and Financial Advisors. FINANCIAL PLANNING REVIEW, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/cfp2.1069
Chumeya, R. (2010). Quality of Psychology Test Between Likert Scale 5 and 6 Points. Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), 399–403. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2010.399.403
Delloitte. (2025). Delloitte: 2025 Gen Z and Millenial Survey. In Https://Www.Deloitte.Com/Global/En/Issues/Work/Genz-Millennial-Survey.Html. https://www.deloitte.com/global/en/issues/work/genz-millennial-survey.html
Elvira, D. C., & Ryanto, F. R. (2025). The Influence of Financial Literacy, FOMO Lifestyle, and Financial Attitude on Financial Management: A Case Study of University Students in Pontianak City. Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology, 6(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33122/ejeset.v6i2.823
Ernest & Young LLP. (2023). 2023 EY Gen Z Segmentation Study. EY Americas, 44. https://www.ey.com/content/dam/ey-unified-site/ey-com/en-us/campaigns/consulting/documents/ey-2307-4309403-genz-segmentation-report-us-score-no-20902-231us-2-vf4.pdf
Farrell, L., Fry, T. R. L., & Risse, L. (2016). The significance of financial self-efficacy in explaining women’s personal finance behaviour. Journal of Economic Psychology, 54, 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.07.001
Florensa, M., Rengga, A., & Sinaga, K. P. (2024). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan dan Sikap Keuangan terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan Mahasiswa (Studi Empiris pada Mahasiswa/i Program Studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Nusa Nipa). Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi, 2(4), 210–234. https://ejurnal.stie-trianandra.ac.id/index.php/jumia/article/view/3339
Gerrans, P., Abisekaraj, S. B., & Liu, Z. (Frank). (2023). The Fear of Missing Out on Cryptocurrency and Stock Investments: Direct and Indirect Effects of Financial Literacy and Risk Tolerance. Journal of Financial Literacy and Wellbeing, 1(1), 103–137. https://doi.org/10.1017/flw.2023.6
Gozhali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares Konsep Metode dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Smart PLS 3.0 Edisi 2 (Vol. 2). Universitas Diponegoro.
Grable, J., Heo, W., & Rabbani, A. (2015). Financial Anxiety, Physiological Arousal, and Planning Intention. Journal of Financial Therapy, 5(2), 0–18. https://doi.org/10.4148/1944-9771.1083
Grohmann, A., Kouwenberg, R., & Menkhoff, L. (2015). Childhood Roots of Financial Literacy. Journal of Economic Psychology, 51, 114–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.09.002
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. In Springer (Vol. 30, Issue July). Springer.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
Hamzah, S. R., Nabihah, A., Tajudin, A., Ishak, N., Fadly, A., & Rasedee, N. (2024). The Analysis of Financial Literacy That Influences Financial Anxiety Among Malaysians. 5th International Conference on Management, Education, Social Sciences and Innovation 2024, 548–562.
Hayat, A. (2017). Kecemasan dan Metode Pengendaliannya. Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v12i1.301
Herawati, N. T., Candiasa, I. M., Yadnyana, I. K., & Suharsono, N. (2018). Factors That Influence Financial Behavior Among Accounting Students in Bali. International Journal of Business Administration, 9(3), 30. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n3p30
Herdhiana, R. (2021). Analisis Tingkat Literasi Keuangan Mahasiswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Indonesia, 2(2), 175–183.
Hussain, S., Raza, A., Haider, A., Ishaq, M. I., & Talpur, Q. (2023). Fear of Missing Out and Compulsive Buying Behavior: The Moderating Role of Mindfulness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 75, 103512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103512
Iriani, A. R., Rahayu, C. W. E., & Rahmawati, C. H. T. (2021). The Influence of Demographic Factors and Financial Literacy on the Financial Behavior. Jurnal Kajian Manajemen Bisnis, 10(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.24036/jkmb.11220500
Jennifer, J., & Widoatmodjo, S. (2023). The Influence of Financial Knowledge, Financial Literacy, and Financial Technology on Financial Management Behavior Among Young Adults. International Journal of Application on Economics and Business, 1(1), 344–353. https://doi.org/10.24912/v1i1.344-353
Jordan, A., & Nuringsih, K. (2023). Understanding Financial Behavior in Generation Z. International Journal of Application on Economics and Business, 1(4), 2535–2546. https://doi.org/10.24912/ijaeb.v1i4.2535-2546
Kaloeti, D. V. S., Kurnia S, A., & Tahamata, V. M. (2021). Validation and Psychometric Properties of The Indonesian Version of The Fear of Missing Out Scale in Adolescents. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 34(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00181-0
Khaddafi, M., Putri, A. M., Hasibuan, C. D., & Ritonga, A. (2025). Peran Akuntansi Manajemen Strategis dalam Menghadapi Krisis Ekonomi Global. JIIC: JURNAL INTELEK INSAN CENDIKIA, 2(5), 9121–9127.
Kim, Y. K., Lim, Y., Maleku, A., Kagotho, N., & Yang, M. (2020). Financial Stress and Depression Among African Refugees in the Southern United States: A Serial Multiple Mediation Analysis of Financial Self-Efficacy and Financial Anxiety. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 18(2), 151–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2019.1593571
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (T. D. Little (ed.); 4th ed.). The Guilford Press.
Kock, N. (2015). Common Method Bias in PLS-SEM: A Full Collinearity Assessment Approach. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Larasati, M., & Dewi, A. S. (2021). Relationship Analysis Between Financial Literacy and Financial Distress (Among Young Adult Medan City). Manajemen Bisnis, 11(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.22219/mb.v11i2.15652
Laturette, K., Widianingsih, L. P., & Subandi, L. (2021). Literasi Keuangan pada Generasi Z. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi (JPAK), 9(1), 131–139.
Lee, J. M., Rabbani, A., & Heo, W. (2023). Examining Financial Anxiety Focusing on Interactions between Financial Knowledge and Financial Self-efficacy. Journal of Financial Therapy, 14(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.4148/1944-9771.1279
Lestari, N. L., & Imronudin, I. (2024). the Effect of Financial Literacy, Self-Efficacy on Risk Credit Behavior Among Students of the University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Dynamic Management Journal, 8(4), 942. https://doi.org/10.31000/dmj.v8i4.12587
Lown, J. M. (2011). Development and Validation of a Financial Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 22(2), 54–63.
Lusardi, A., Hasler, A., & Yakoboski, P. J. (2021). Building Up Financial Literacy and Financial Resilience. Mind & Society, 20(2), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11299-020-00246-0
Lutfiyah, Z. (2025). Pengaruh Fear of Missing Out, Paylater, dan Literasi Keuangan terhadap Impulsive Buying pada Gen Z. Indonesia Economic Journal, 1(2), 635–664. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.63822/bha26565
Maharani, Y., Salsabilla, S., Putra, A. F., Ayuntari, C. G., & Marfuah, M. (2022). Literasi Investasi Berbasis Aplikasi Smartphone Bagi Generasi Z. Rahmatan Lil ’Alamin Journal of Community Services, 2(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.20885/rla.vol2.iss1.art4
Manurung, A. H. (2012). Teori Perilaku Keuangan (Behaviour Finance). Economis Of Management, 41(4), 1–13. http://finansialbisnis.com/Data2/Riset/Teori Perilaku Keuangan.pdf
Mardhiyah, Dinilhaq, N. A., Amelia, Y., Arini, A., Hidayatullah, R., & Harmonedi. (2025). Populasi dan Sampel dalam Penelitian Pendidikan: Memahami Perbedaan, Implikasi, dan Strategi Pemilihan yang Tepat. Katalis Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Matematika, 2(2), 208–218. https://doi.org/10.62383/katalis.v2i2.1670
Miranda, M., Dewi Anggita, N., Suci Afria Sasty Siregar, & Lestari, D. (2023). Pengaruh FoMO dan Hedonic Motivation terhadap Penggunaan Paylater (Stud Kasus Mahasiswa di Kota Medan). Jurnal Point Equilibrium Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 5(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.59963/jpema.v5i1.142
Mu’awiyah, S., & Jurana, J. (2024). Financial Behavior Patterns Of Generation Z: Netnographic Analysis of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Phenomenon. Journal of Tourism Economics and Policy, 5(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.38142/jtep.v5i1.1215
Mufidah, E. F., Pravesti, C. A., Ardika, D., & Farid, M. (2022). Urgensi Efikasi Diri: Tinjauan Teori Bandura. 30–35.
Ningsih, H. R., & Oktavia, V. (2024). Faktor Determinan Financial Stress Pada Mahasiswa. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 7491–7505. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/8720
Ningsih, M., & Anita, N. (2025). The Influence of FOMO and Self-Control on Personal Financial Management with Impulsive Buying Behavior as a Mediating Variable Among Shopeepaylater User Students. Majapahit Journal of Islamic Finance and Management, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.31538/mjifm.v5i4.666
Nofsinger, J. R. (2001). Investment Madness: How Psychology Affects Your Investing-- and what to Do about it. Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Nur Arbaien, M. F., & Nurkaromah, S. R. (2024). Faktor Determinan Tekanan Finansial Pada Generasi Z Di Kota Tasikmalaya. ULIL ALBAB : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 3(12), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.56799/jim.v3i12.5950
Nye, P., & Hillyard, C. (2013). Personal Financial Behavior: The Influence of Quantitative Literacy and Material Values. Numeracy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.5038/1936-4660.6.1.3
OCBC. (2024). OCBC Financial Fitness Index 2024. In NIQ.
OECD. (2023). OECD/INFE 2023 International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy (OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers, Vol. 39). https://doi.org/10.1787/56003a32-en
Oktavini, E., Anwar, R. M., Amelinda, R., & Magdalena, F. C. S. (2024). Analisis dan Dampak Perilaku Keuangan terhadap Tekanan Finansial Mahasiswa. Jurnal Akuntansi, 19(1), 1–14.
Osman, Z., Madzlan, E. M., & Ing, P. (2018). In Pursuit of Financial Well-being: The Effects of Financial Literacy, Financial Behaviour and Financial Stress on Employees in Labuan. International Journal of Service Management and Sustainability, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.24191/ijsms.v3i1.8041
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). (2025). Strategi Nasional Literasi Keuangan Indonesia (SNLKI) 2021 - 2025. SNLKI, 1–130. https://www.ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/publikasi/Documents/Pages/Strategi-Nasional-Literasi-Keuangan-Indonesia-2021-2025/STRATEGI NASIONAL LITERASI KEUANGAN INDONESIA %28SNLKI%29 2021 - 2025.pdf
Pamikatsih, T. R., Lusia, A., Sri Rahayu, A., Maisara, P., & Farida, A. (2022). The Influencing Factors For Financial Behavior of Gen Z. International Conference of Business and Social Sciences, 440–449.
Peña, H. Dela, Puzon, H. J., Villamil, C., & Culajara, C. L. B. (2024). Financial Literacy and Financial Stress among College Students within Davao Region. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(6), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i61428
Perry, V. G., & Morris, M. D. (2005). Who Is in Control? The Role of Self‐Perception, Knowledge, and Income in Explaining Consumer Financial Behavior. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(2), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2005.00016.x
Pijoh, L. F. A., Indradewa, R., & Syah, T. Y. R. (2020). Financial Literacy, Financial Behaviour and Financial Anxiety: Implication for Financial Well Being of Top Management Level Employees. Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, 4(6), 381–386.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of The Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Populix. (2025). Survei Indeks Keyakinan Konsumen Indonesia 2025 Data Terbaru. Populix.Co. https://info.populix.co/articles/indeks-keyakinan-konsumen-indonesia-2025/
Prasetya, B. P. (2023). The Effect of Financial Literacy on Financial Well-Being Mediated by Financial Behavior. IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development), 6(4), 782–791. https://doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v6i4.2309
Pratama, F. P., Anggara, Z. R., Azizi, W. N., Cabase, D. C., & Khoiriyah, S. (2024). The Influence of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), Financial Literacy, and Trust on the Use of Pay Later Service by Gen Z Through Mediating Consumer Satisfaction. Proceedings of 7th International Conference of Economic, 7(1), 107–123. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.33005/icebgc.v7i1.112
Prihartono, M. R. D., & Asandimitra, N. (2018). Analysis Factors Influencing Financial Management Behaviour. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(8), 308–326. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i8/4471
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, Emotional, and Behavioral Correlates of Fear of Missing Out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
Purwanto, N., Budiyanto, & Suhermin. (2022). Theory of Planned Behavior (1st ed.). CV. Literasi Nusantara Abadi. http://www.biblioteca.pucminas.br/teses/Educacao_PereiraAS_1.pdf%0Ahttp://www.anpocs.org.br/portal/publicacoes/rbcs_00_11/rbcs11_01.htm%0Ahttp://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/7845/1/td_2306.pdf%0Ahttps://direitoufma2010.files.wordpress.com/2010/
Purwohedi, U. (2022). Metode Penelitian: Prinsip dan Praktik (2nd ed.). Raih Asa Sukses.
Putri, D. N., Manurung, C., Putri, A., Alnaya, D., & Sanggam, D. (2025). Analisis Kebijakan Moneter dalam Mengatasi Krisis Ekonomi Global. 3(1), 72–78.
Rahadi, D. R. (2023). Pengantar Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). In Wijonarko (Ed.), Penerbit Lentera Ilmu Madani (1st ed.). Lentera Ilmu Madani.
Remund, D. L. (2010). Financial Literacy Explicated: The Case for a Clearer Definition in an Increasingly Complex Economy. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606
Renaldo, N., Sudarno, S., & Hutahuruk, M. B. (2020). The Improvement of Generation Z Financial Well-Being in Pekanbaru. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 22(2), 142–151. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.22.2.142
Reysa, R., Zen, A., & Widjanarko, W. (2023). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Efikasi Keuangan, dan Pendapatan terhadap Keputusan Investasi pada Pedagang di Pasar Baru Kota Bekasi. Jurnal Economia, 2(10), 2909–2919. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.55681/economina.v2i10.924
Roll, S. P., Taylor, S. H., & Grinstein-weiss, M. (2016). Financial Anxiety in Low- and Moderate-Income Households : Findings from the Household Financial Survey. In CSD Research Brief (Issue October). https://csd.wustl.edu/Publications/Documents/RB16-42.pdf
Rosantono, I. G. (2022). Pengaruh Self-Efficacy terhadap Profesionalisme Anggota Kepolisian Daerah (Polda) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan Subjective Well-Being sebagai Variabel Kontrol. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 11(1), 821–830.
Rukajat, A. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian (Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif) (1st ed.). Deepublish.
Saraswati, A. M., & Nugroho, A. W. (2021). Perencanaan Keuangan dan Pengelolaan Keuangan Generasi Z di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 melalui Penguatan Literasi Keuangan. 24(2), 309–318.
Shapiro, G. K., & Burchell, B. J. (2012). Measuring Financial Anxiety. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 5(2), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027647
Sugiyono, P. D. (2020). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (19th ed.).
Survei Nasional Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan (SNLIK). (2024). Survei Nasional Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan (SNLIK). OJK Dan BPS, 1–64.
Suwatno, S., Waspada, I. P., & Mulyani, H. (2020). Meningkatkan Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan Mahasiswa Melalui Financial Literacy dan Financial Sel Efficacy. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi & Keuangan, 8(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpak.v8i1.21938
Tuong Nguyen, V., & Duc Doan, M. (2020). The Correlation between Financial Literacy and Personal Saving Behavior in Vietnam. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(6), 590–603. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.106.590.603
Wahyuni, N., & Rindrayani, S. R. (2025). Metodologi Penelitian Asosiasi. Neraca Manajemen, Ekonomi, 14(9), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.8734/mnmae.v1i2.359
Wahyuningsih, Kartiko, E., Ningsih, W., & Anggraeni, W. A. (2024). Financial Anxiety di Kalangan Generasi Z (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Garut). Jurnal WahanaAkuntansi, 9(2), 001–012.
Widiantari, G. A. A. P. R., & Dewi, G. A. K. R. S. (2024). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Kontrol Diri dan Perilaku FoMO terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Prodi Akuntansi FE Undiksha). Vokasi : Jurnal Riset Akuntansi, 13(1), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.23887/vjra.v13i1.75485
Wijayanto, J., Todingbua, M. A., & Jaya, A. (2025). The Effect of Fear Of Missing Out and Financial Literacy on Student Financial Behavior. Primanomics : Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 23(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.31253/pe.v23i2.3635
Wijekoon, R., Sabri, M. F., Ahmad, N., & Abd Rahim, H. (2022). Mediating Role of Financial Behavior between Financial Factors and Economic Well-being: Through the Lens of the Extended Family Resource Management Model. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(10), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i10/15194
Xiao, J. J. (2008). Applying Behavior Theories to Financial Behavior. In Handbook of Consumer Finance Research (pp. 69–81). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75734-6_5
Xiao, J. J., & Dew, J. (2011). The Financial Management Behavior Scale: Development and Validation. 22(1), 43–59. http://afcpe.org/journal- articles.php?volume=387&article=403 Available
Yusnita, M., Wardhani, R. S., & Yunita, A. (2023). Empowering SME Entrepreneurs : Exploring E-Mind and Financial Self- Efficacy. XIII(Oktober), 285–292.
Yusra, A. M., & Napitupulu, L. (2022). Hubungan Regulasi Diri dengan Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) pada Mahasiswa. Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Psychology (JICOP), 2(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.25299/jicop.v2i2.8718
Zhang, Y., & Chatterjee, S. (2023). Financial Well-Being in the United States: The Roles of Financial Literacy and Financial Stress. Sustainability, 15(5), 4505. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054505
